QUESTION BANK
SUB NAME: CIRCUIT THEORY
Unit-I
Basics of Circuits Analysis
PART-A
1. What is meant by linear and nonlinear elements?
Linear element shows the linear characteristics of voltage Vs current. Nonlinear element the current passing through it does not change linearity with the linear change in applied voltage at a particular frequency.
2. What is meant by active and passive elements?
If a circuit element has the capability of enhancing the energy level of a signal passing through i t is called an active element. Passive elements do not have any intrinsic means of signal boosting.
3. What is meant by unilateral and bilateral elements?
If the magnitude of the current passing through an element is affected due to change in the polarity of the applied voltage is called unilateral elements. If the current magnitude remains the same even if the applied EMFs polarity is changed is called bilateral elements.
4. What is a dual network?
In an electrical circuit itself there are pairs of terms, which can be interchanged to get new circuits. Such pair of dual terms is given below
➢ Current- Voltage ➢ Open- Short ➢ L-C ➢ R-G ➢ Series – Parallel ➢ Voltage source- Current source ➢ KCL-KVL
5. Define Ohms Law.
The potential difference across any two ends of a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing between the two ends provided the temperature of the conductor remains constant.
6. Mention the disadvantages of Ohm’s Law.
• It does not apply to all non metallic conductors
• It also does not apply to non linear devices such as zener diode, vacuum tubes etc.
• It is true for metal conductors at constant temperature. If the temperature changes the law is not applicable.
7. What is a node, a junction and a branch?
A node of a network is an equipotential surface at which two or more circuit elements are joined. A junction is that point in a network where three or more circuit elements are joined. A branch is that part of a network which lies between two junction points.
8. What is a super node?
The region surrounding a voltage source which connects the two nodes directly is called super node.
9. What is principle node?
The meeting point of three or more elements is called principle node.
10. State voltage division rule.
Voltage across a resistor in a series circuit is equal to the total voltage across the series elements multiplies by the value of that resistor divided by the total resistance of the series elements.
11. State current division rule.
The current in any branch is equal to the ratio of the opposite parallel branch resistance to the total resistance value, multiplies by the total current in the circuit.
12. Give the steps to draw a Dual Network
In each loop of a network place a node Draw the lines connecting adjacent nodes passing through each element and also to the reference node.
13. Compare series and parallel circuit. S.No. Series circuit Parallel circuit 1 The total effective resistance is the sum
of the individual resistance ie Reff=R1+R2+......R n
The reciprocal of the total effective resistance is the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistance 1/Reff= 1/R1+1/R2+....1/R n 2 Only one path for the current flow More than one path for the current to flow 3 The current flowing through all the
resistances will be the same and equal to the total current
The current flowing through each resistance is different
4 The voltage is divided across each
resistance according to the value of resistance.
The voltage across each resistance is same which will be equal to the input voltage.
14. What are the classifications of Circuit elements?
• Active element
• Passive element
• Lumped and distributed elements
• Bilateral and unilateral elements
• Linear and non linear elements.
15. What is a planar circuit?
A circuit is said to be non planar if it cannot be drawn on a plane surface without crossovers.
PART-B
1.
3. i)Using the node voltage analysis, find all the node voltages and currents in 1/3 ohm and 1/5
ohm resistances of figure.
ii) For the mesh-current analysis, explain the rules for constructing mesh impedance matrix and solving the matrix equation [Z]I = V.
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Unit-II
Network Reduction and Network Theorems for DC and AC Circuits
PART-A
1. Sate superposition theorem.
It states that the response of a linear circuit with multiple sources is given by algebraic sum of response due to individual sources acting alone.
2. State Thevenins theorem
It states that any linear bilateral network can be replaced by a single current source VTH, in series with single impedance Zth
3. State Norton’s theorem
It states that any linear bilateral network can be replaced by a single current source, IN in parallel with single impedance Zth.
4. State maximum power transfer theorem.
Max power is transferred to load impedance if the load impedance is the complex conjugate of the source impedance.
5. State the steps to solve the super position theorem.
➢ Take only one independent voltage or current source. ➢ Obtain the branch currents. ➢ Repeat the above for other sources. ➢ To determine the net branch current just add the current obtained above.
6. What is the limitation of superposition theorem?
➢ Superposition theorem is valid only for linear systems. ➢ This theorem can be applied for calculating the current through or voltage across in particular element. ➢ But this superposition theorem is not applicable for calculation of the power.
7. State the steps to solve the Thevenin’s Theorem
➢ Remove the load resistance and find the open circuit voltage Voc ➢ Deactivate the consta t sources (fro voltage source remove it by internal resistance & for current source delete the source by OC) and find the internal resistance (RTH) of the source side looking through the open circuited load terminals ➢ Obtain the thevenin’s equivalent circuit by connecting V
OC
in series with R
Th ➢ Reconnect the load resistance across the load terminals.
8. List the applications of Thevinins theorem.
➢ It is applied to all linear circuits including electronic circuits represented by the
controlled source. ➢ This theorem is useful when t is desired to know the effect of the response in network
or varying part of the network
I
L
= V
OC
/ (R
TH
+R
L
)
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9. State the steps to solve the Norton’s theorem.
➢ Remove the load resistor and find the internal resistance of the source N/W by
deactivating the constant source. ➢ Short the load terminals and find the short circuit current ➢ Norton’s equivalent circuit is drawn by keeping R
TH
in parallel with I
SC I
L
= (I
SC
.R
TH
) / (R
TH
+R
L
)
10. What is the maximum power in a circuit?
Max power:V
O C
2/4 R
TH 11. Write some applications of maximum power transfer theorem.
➢ Power amplifiers ➢ Communication system ➢ Microwave transmission 12. What are the limitations of maximum power transfer theorem?
➢ The maximum efficiency can be obtained by using this theorem is only 50% . It is
because of 50% of the power is unnecessarily wasted in R
th
. ➢ Therefore this theorem only applicable for communication circuits and not for power
circuits where efficiency is greater importance rather than power delivered.
13. Define source transformation.
The current and voltage sources may be inter changed without affecting the remainder of the circuit, this technique is the source transformation. It is the tool for simplifying the circuit.
14. Explain the purpose of star delta transformation.
The transformation of a given set of resistances in star to delta or vice versa proves extremely useful in circuit analysis and the apparent complexity of a given circuit can sometime by very much reduce.
PART-B
1.(i) Find the value of R and the current flowing through it in the circuit shown when the current in the branch OA is zero. (8)
ii) Determine the Thevenin’s equivalent for the figure (8)
2. Derive expressions for star connected arms in terms of delta connected arms and delta connected arms in terms of star connected arms. (16)
3.
4. i) Determine the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit. (8)
(ii) Find the equivalent resistance between B and C in figure (8)
5.
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Unit-III
Resonance and Coupled circuits
PART-A
1. What is meant by Resonance?
An A.C circuit is said to be resonance if it behaves as a purely resistive circuit. The total current drawn by the circuit is then in phase with the applied voltage, and the power factor will then unity. Thus at resonance the equivalent complex impedance of the circuit has no j component.
2. Write the expression for the resonant frequency of a RLC series circuit.
Resonant frequency f
r
=1/2Ï€√LC
3. What is resonant frequency?
The frequency at which resonance occurs is called resonant frequency. At resonant frequency X
L
=X
C
